Glossary
L1
Solana blockchain (base layer)
Sonic SVM
Sonic SVM — high-performance SVM L2 built for gaming on Solana
Ephemeral Rollup (ER)
A temporary L2 SVM runtime spawned by the Validator for a bounded session; destroyed when the session closes
Portal Program
L1 on-chain program; the single source of truth — manages sessions, delegation, deposits, and finalization
Delegation
Transferring account ownership to the Portal, making the account writable on the ER and locked on L1
Finalization
Committing ER state back to L1 and returning account ownership to the original program
Router
Stateless tx routing layer; inspects delegation status and routes transactions to ER or L1 RPC
Checkpoint Bond
Stake posted by the sequencer every ~30s alongside a state hash; slashable if proven fraudulent via the dispute game
Bisection Protocol
O(log n) binary search over execution traces to isolate a single disputed transaction
ZK Finality
A ZK proof scoped to a single disputed transaction, generated after bisection narrows the disagreement
HSSN
HyperGrid Shared State Network — Sonic's v1 scaling approach (Cosmos-based consensus layer)
Session
A bounded execution context on an ER — has a unique ID, fee deposit, delegated accounts, and a max duration
SVM
Solana Virtual Machine — the execution environment shared by Solana L1, Sonic SVM, and North Star ERs
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